The Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is an advanced infrastructure in earthquake engineering and applied geophysics that utilizes a dense network of accelerometers and seismic sensors positioned near active faults to detect primary P-waves (fast compressional waves) before the arrival of destructive S-waves and surface waves. By analyzing seismic data in real time and rapidly estimating the epicenter, magnitude, and rate of energy release, the system can issue warnings with a lead time ranging from a few seconds to several tens of seconds. Within this limited interval, preventive protective actions such as halting railway operations, isolating power grids, shutting gas valves, or alerting the public become possible.

The accuracy of predictions in EEWS depends on parameters such as the density of seismic stations, preprocessing algorithms, and data transmission speeds. This system is particularly critical in high-risk fault zones, including the Pacific Ring of Fire, Japan, Iran, and California, and its role in reducing both human casualties and economic losses is indisputable.